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PCB Assembly Cost Explained
PCBA Cost
Total PCBA Cost = Direct Material + Manufacturing & Assembly + Engineering & Quality + Overhead + Logistics & Packaging + Profit
Unit PCBA Cost = Total PCBA Cost ÷ Order Quantity
Direct Material Cost
This is the lion’s share of any PCBA quote and covers the bare PCB, all BOM components, and line-side consumables such as solder paste and conformal coating. Board technology (layers, finish, substrate) and the price volatility of ICs or specialty passives drive the range—typically 55-80 % of total cost.
Manufacturing & Assembly Cost
All shop-floor operations, from SMT placement through DIP/wave solder, reflow, cleaning, and box-build, fall here. Pricing is usually “placement points × rate” for SMT plus labor or joint count for DIP, adding 8-20 % to the bill.
Engineering & Quality Cost
Up-front NRE—DFM reviews, stencil and fixture design—plus ICT/FCT jigs, first-article runs, and in-line inspections (SPI, AOI, X-ray) are pooled in this bucket. Expect 3-8 % of the total, higher for complex or highly regulated products.
Indirect Manufacturing Overhead
Depreciation on SMT lines, utilities, shop-floor IT (MES/ERP), and support staff are collected as a composite hourly rate and allocated by run time. This “factory burden” usually adds another 3-7 %.
Logistics & Packaging Cost
Freight for inbound parts and outbound boards, duties/VAT, and ESD-safe or custom packaging make up 1-5 % of cost but can spike with expedited shipping or oversized assemblies.
Profit
EMS providers apply a cost-plus margin—often 10-30 %—scaled to order size, technical risk, and competitive pressure.
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